A Brilliant Madness about John Forbes Nash Essay - 1458 Words

â€Å"To some extent insanity is a form of conformity; people are always selling the idea that people who have mental illness are suffering. But it’s really not so simple†¦I think mental illness or madness can be an escape also† (qtd. in â€Å"John Forbes Nash†). To many â€Å"normal† people, the terms â€Å"insanity† or â€Å"madness† portray a negative connotation-- the unfortunate ones â€Å"suffer† from mental illness. However, brilliant mathematician and Nobel laureate John Forbes Nash, who has paranoid schizophrenia, cherishes his unique condition as a means of retreat from the brutalities of reality (â€Å"John Forbes Nash†). Since ancient times, people have observed the link between madness and creative genius. Indeed, research has proven that the two conditions of†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, a person considered mentally insane may not have control of his/her own conscience and thus cannot disce rn between reality and imagination, resulting in destructive behavior. The skill of visualizing concepts and ideas foreign to the normal mind also resides in an insane person; however, this ability exists as a result of losing touch with reality (Griffith 627; Neihart). Many factors hinder a truly effective study of and conclusion to the relationship between genius and insanity. For instance, who determines a genius? One can measure neither creativity nor madness, for these two factors are purely objective and up to the discretion of the individual carrying out the test (Simonton; Weisberg 362). In addition, the measures of genius and madness may simply depend on the culture and time period; Galileo, the famed astronomer who proved the Copernican theory that the planets revolved around the sun, a presently obvious but at the time completely heretical idea, was deemed a madman by the Roman Catholic Church (Ludwig 12; â€Å"Genius or Madness?†). The issue remains and probably will remain dubious; nevertheless, through much investigation and research, many credible speculations have surfaced that may explain the phenomenon. The ancient Greeks viewed mental illness as having derived from the gods (Griffith 625; Ludwig 4; Neihart; Weisberg 361). According to them, different forms of madness provoked various types

Steve Jobs vs Tim Cook - 1871 Words

Steve Jobs versus Tim Cook: Has the Apple © fallen from the tree? By Mycah Gordon Ms. Rivers AP World History December 9, 2013 Mycah Gordon AP World History Ms. Rivers December 9, 2013 Steve Jobs versus Tim Cook: Has the Apple © fallen from the tree? Thesis: Apple has achieved more success under the leadership of Steve Jobs than under the leadership of current chief executive officer (CEO) Tim Cook due to differences of management style, research and development and Apple’s profitability as a result of these differences in management. I. Apple has had great success under the leadership of Steve Jobs and Tim Cook. a. Steve Jobs was CEO twice, 1976 - 1989 and later from 1997 - 2011 b. Tim Cook was COO†¦show more content†¦By doing this, Apple could predict demand and delivering products on time, which is crucial in the technology industry where new products could cannibalize existing offerings. (O’Brien) In 2004 for several months served as CEO of Apple, while Jobs battled with health issues, and in 2007 Jobs promoted Cook to COO and in 2011, Jobs pushed for Cook to become his successor. (O’Brien) Steve Jobs acted as an innovative micro-manager, which lead Apple to create a new market for different devices. His devotion, drive, technological skills, attention to detail, and the hiring of capable people to work with helped him invented the iPod, a user friendly mp3 device, and iTunes, a web service to buy music, which brought Apple large profits and continues to do so today. The iPod changed the way we consume music and reshaped the music industry and iTunes helped consumers download, and organize digital audio and video on personal computers. (Rose) In 2007, Jobs invented the iPhone, a user friendly smart phone, which launched the smart phone market as we know it today. Until the emergences of other companies in the smart phone industry Apple monopolized the smart phone market. Although, other competitors are producing smart phones, Apple still continues to be successful when it comes to sales. For instance, Apple’s new iPhone 5S models sold more than 9 million units in their first weekend, and the company has earned praise forShow MoreRelatedApple, Inc Strategic Leadership884 Words   |  4 PagesApple, Inc Strategic Leadership 2010 vs 2015 Steve Jobs Steve Jobs was an effective strategic leader in 2010. He was able to achieve this effectiveness through his innovation, passion, determination, and foresight of consumer’s future needs. Jobs focused on â€Å"vision rather than reality† that allowed him to â€Å"imagine a new order of things that others could not see† (Kalla). His creations followed a structured and detailed method. He â€Å"pushed suppliers for new benchmarks then adopted the first breakthrough†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Read MoreA Study of the Leadership of CEOs at Apple5698 Words   |  23 PagesSpindler Page 10, 11 12 Gil Amelio Page 12, 13 14 Steve Jobs Page 15, 16 17 Tim Cook Page 17, 18 19 References Page 20 – 27 Background Information   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apple is a company that everyone in the world knows about today, and most people own at least one Apple product, but Apple did not start out as a huge company. It started out with Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak working on computers in the garage of Steve Jobs. Jobs and Wozniak had been friends since college and bothRead MoreApple Inc: A Strategic View2101 Words   |  9 Pages(2014) mentions that Apple has opened a total of 424 stores, including 255 in the United States. The company has opened its first stores in Brazil and Turkey to expand its geographic footprint to 15 countries. 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When Jobs took over as the CEO Apple was on the verge of bankruptcy, but he turned everything around with his advertising campaignRead MoreManagement Styles Of Apple Inc.2473 Words   |  10 Pagesthe expanding technology industry, especially products such as compact disc (CD) players, MPEG-2 Audio Layer III (MP3) players, digital cameras and Digital Versatile Discs (DVD). Apple Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Steven Jobs, or more commonly known as just Steve Jobs, decision in 2001 to shift from strictly Apple computer sales to expanding to a range of lifestyle products, it is evident that this decision proved to be a turning point in Apple’s success. Stephen Robbins supports this throughRead MoreCase Study of Apple Inc and its Success821 Words   |  4 Pages is involved into designing, development and sales of consumer electronic products, computer software and hardware and personal computing. Headquartered in California, it was founded on the 1st of April, 1976 by Steve Jobs. Also accompanying him in foundation were Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak Initially it was foun d to develop personal computers and later expanded to include other consumer electronic items in its product line. It is spread across 14 different countries around the globe and is presentRead MoreApple in 2013: How to Sustain a Competitive Advantage1363 Words   |  6 Pagesmarket, as well as how they are going to compete in new emerging markets. Apple is also challenged with coming up with not only short term solutions but creating new long term solutions to bring back the favorable growth they had received previously. Tim cook, CEO, will need to evaluate these challenges and make applicable changes to foster new sustainable growth at Apple. Solution #1 The first solution would be to beat Samsung in the smartphone race by creating the best spec’d phone of all time. AppleRead MoreEssay on What is Succession Planning?1500 Words   |  6 Pagesposition. So this paper will first analyze what are the common methods of creating replacements or backups (Froelich, McKee, Rathge, 2009). The paper probes further to understand if an internal or external candidate should be identified for the job. When is it better to have an internal or external candidate based on a study conducted for an HBR Report (Citrin Ogden, Succeeding at Succession, 2010). The paper then considers Rothwell W. J. (2014) report to understand the step by step processRead MoreApple s Impact On The Computer Industry2379 Words   |  10 PagesIt suffered ups and downs just like any other company, with this being said, the way Apple dealt with its problems was the difference between it and any other company. Apple is strong today because of the way that it was built by its co-founder Steve jobs. With his leadership skills, the culture he put into place and the socialization process of the new employees, incorporating them into the company’s beliefs and values, were just building blocks to the bigger picture. Apple is also successful dueRead MoreStrategic Managemrent Apple Essay1908 Words   |  8 Pagesproducts (IPhone, IPad); * Damages from competitors who doesn’t respect Apple’s patent; * Exploitation of new advertising methods. Threats: * High levels of competitiveness; * Dependence on specific suppliers; * Android system Vs. iOS; * Inflation; * Levels of taxes. b) PESTEL analysis Political factors: According to Datamonitor (2012), 38.6% of the total revenues of Apple Inc. were from U.S. during 2011. Therefore, 61.4% of sales of Apple Inc. were from outside

Role Of Nurses In The Healthcare Practices †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role Of Nurses In The Healthcare Practices. Answer: Introduction The paper talks about the role of nurses in the healthcare practices. The aim of the paper is to identify and analyze the roles and responsibilities of thenursing staff in the hospital industry. They are improving the hospital quality and efficiency.Thenursing staff focuses on the primary health care services of the patient. They are playing an integral and critical role to promote the health and safety and prevent the various diseases, illness, and injuries. Thenursing staff is focused on the various physical activities of the patients. The paper focuses on the various key challenges that are faced by the nurses during providing the health care services. Professional practice and role of nurses Patient care and safety professional practice has been selected to the essay. The nurses play a significant role in patient care and safety. A patient care technician plays a vital and integral role in the medical job. A healthcare technician provides help to patients in the hospitals. A doctor and nurse monitor and supervises the technician and ensure, whether the technician is providing excellent patient care services to the patients and or not. The patient care involves all aspects of the people like physical, spiritual, emotional and psychological (Hayes, OBrien-Pallas, Duffield, Shamian, Buchan, Hughes North, 2012). The nurses focus and evaluate the needs (spiritual, physical, cognitive, emotional and social) of the patients. The nurses play a critical role in ensuring the patient care and safety by analyzing and monitoring activities of the patients for detecting errors and medical deterioration. They work for the patient safety and security. The nurses also play a significant role to improve the safety and quality of the hospitals. Patient care practice is the broad concept and nurses perform numerous roles in the patient care and safety. The role of the nurses depends on the needs and requirements of the patient. The roles of nurses are expanding day by day. They provide the hands-on care to the variety of patients in the hospitals (Jonas, Garbutt, Amick, Brown, Brownley, Council Yeatts, 2012). They maintain the self-esteem and dignity of the patients with providing excellent skilled and knowledgeable care to them. They provide the holistic and excellent care to the patients. The clinical ev aluation and judgment are done by the nurse to analyze the ability of the patients. They evaluate that what is the suitable for the patients. They play as a communicator role because they understand the successful and effective communication techniques which can help to improve the patient healthcare and environment (Stuart, 2014). The nurses need to maintain effective communication with the patients and their family members and healthcare team members. The written chart is given by the nurses to the patients for their health and safety. They maintain direct coordination and communication with professionals and doctors to ensure that a patients goals and safety are being met with them. Therefore, nurses work as manager and teacher for providing health care services to the patients. The nurses learn many to their patients related to their health, treatments, medications, and procedures. As a teacher, nurses instruct to the patients and their family members about their health safety a nd care. Further, they give the discharge instructions to patients and their family members for the healthcare and safety. They develop a safe culture and environment for the patients (Aiken, Sloane, Bruyneel, Van den Heede, Griffiths, Busse McHugh, 2014). They also provide the patient safety and care in the ICU and wards. They consider as the doctor assistant and work as a medical technician. Sometimes, they have to provide proper care and safety at home also. They play a vital role to implement the infection and disease control practices. They assist and guide the patients for reducing dysfunction and disability in order to improve the function of the body. Therefore, they focus on the emotional, social, physical and spiritual health. Nurses provide the critical and prehospital emergency care to the various patients. They work as a patient counselor and leader to provide health care services to them. They prepare discharge summary at the time of discharge of the patients. Now it is assumed that nurses play an integral and critical role in patient healthcare and safety but being a nurse it is very challenging. It requires a lot of commitment and dedication. In todays world nurses face many issues and challenges that have been discussed below (Cameron, Gerber, Mbatha, Mutyabule Swart, 2012). Compensation and remuneration are the big concern for the nurses during the providing health care and safety services to the patients. Generally, hospitals do not pay the good remuneration and compensation to them. Therefore, they do not provide the proper health care and safety to the patients. Violent behavior is another key issue which is faced by the nurses. Many times it happens that coworkers and patients do not behave well and they misbehave and abuse with nurses. Short staffing also a big issue for thenursing staff. Due to staff shortage, sometimes nurses have to do overtime work. Therefore, they leave the jobs and nurses do not prefer the hospital's job (Hamric, Hanson, Tracy O'Grady, 2013). Generally, nurses have to work for long working hours and sometimes, they also have to extend the shifts. Thus, they do not like to do work in hospitals for the extra time period. In this way, they face many problems and difficulties with providing healthcare and safety services to the patients (Almalki, FitzGerald Clark, 2012). Principle of primary health care The primary health care registered nurse is considered and measured to be the first level of medical care. It refers to the healthcare and safety that patients receive for the minor diseases, injuries, and illnesses. The PHC means to provide mandatory and basic health care services to the individuals with using limited resources (Aveyard, 2014). The primary health care nurses are responsible and accountable to develop and build a therapeutic and reciprocal relationship with the patients and their family. The primary health care is the mandatory health care. It promotes wellness and health of the people and prevents and reduces the disease, injuries and illness. Therefore, people take various health benefits under the primary health care. The principles of primary health care are discussed below (Hoare, Mills Francis, 2012). The primary health care is provided to the patients at affordable prices. The community participates to promote and enhance the healthcare and reduce the health issues of the individuals. The social economic conditions promote the health and safety of the patients. The nurses use the innovative medical technologies to provide the healthcare services to the people. The new technologies ensure the efficient and effective delivery services. The communities maintain coordination and collaboration with providing the healthcare and safety services to the patients (Aiken, Sermeus, Van den Heede, Sloane, Busse, McKee, Tishelman, 2012). These are the important principle of primary health care services which are provided by the primary health care nursing staff. The roles of primary health care nurses are increasing day by day. They work as a health educator. In primary health care, nursing staff maintains contact with patients every day and they know the needs and requirements of the people. Thus, they act as a health educator. The nurses motivate the people to identify their health and safety needs and they help to increase interest and awareness to adopt a healthy lifestyle. The patient health care nurses counsels individuals as per their needs and requirements (Barnett, Mercer, Norbury, Watt, Wyke Guthrie, 2012). Therefore, they provide the counseling services to the patients. The PHC nurses supervise and monitor the activities of subordinates and guide them to do work effectively. The PHC nursing staff maintains coordination with different sectors in the world to increase and promote the effectiveness and effic iency of the healthcare programs in the community. Thus, they maintain the cooperation and collaboration to maintain the positive health of the patient. The nursing staff guide and explain the medicine at the time of discharge process. They conduct and measure the research activities to prevent and remove the health problems. Therefore, they give a full contribution to improve the health care services of the patients. They provide special care to the women at the time of delivery (Ghorob Bodenheimer, 2012). Conclusion Now it is concluded that the roles of nursing staff are unique and exclusive. They provide various healthcare and safety services to the patients. It provides a brief overview of the healthcare practices that are carried by the nurses. The nursing team is associated with the healthcare and safety practices. Now it can be said that nurses provide various health care services to the patients. They also provide the primary health care services to the people. Therefore, people should provide the good working environment to them so that they can serve better services. People should respect the nurses and they should not misbehave with nursing staff. In this way, nurses can provide better services to the patients and they can build a good society. References Aiken, L. H., Sermeus, W., Van den Heede, K., Sloane, D. M., Busse, R., McKee, M., ... Tishelman, C. (2012). Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: cross sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States.Bmj,344, e1717. Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Griffiths, P., Busse, R., ... McHugh, M. D. (2014). Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study.The Lancet,383(9931), 1824-1830. Almalki, M. J., FitzGerald, G., Clark, M. (2012). Quality of work life among primary health care nurses in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.Human resources for health,10(1), 30. Aveyard, H. (2014).Doing a literature review in health and social care: A practical guide. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Barnett, K., Mercer, S. W., Norbury, M., Watt, G., Wyke, S., Guthrie, B. (2012). Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study.The Lancet,380(9836), 37-43. Cameron, D., Gerber, A., Mbatha, M., Mutyabule, J., Swart, H. (2012). Nurse initiation and maintenance of patients on antiretroviral therapy: Are nurses in primary care clinics initiating ART after attending NIMART training?.SAMJ: South African Medical Journal,102(2), 98-100. Ghorob, A., Bodenheimer, T. (2012). Sharing the care to improve access to primary care.New England Journal of Medicine,366(21), 1955-1957. Hamric, A. B., Hanson, C. M., Tracy, M. F., O'Grady, E. T. (2013).Advanced Practice Nursing-E-Book: An Integrative Approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hayes, L. J., OBrien-Pallas, L., Duffield, C., Shamian, J., Buchan, J., Hughes, F., ... North, N. (2012). Nurse turnover: a literature reviewan update.International journal of nursing studies,49(7), 887-905. Hoare, K. J., Mills, J., Francis, K. (2012). The role of Government policy in supporting nurse?led care in general practice in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia: an adapted realist review.Journal of advanced Nursing,68(5), 963-980. Jonas, D. E., Garbutt, J. C., Amick, H. R., Brown, J. M., Brownley, K. A., Council, C. L., ... Yeatts, J. (2012). Behavioral counseling after screening for alcohol misuse in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force.Annals of internal medicine,157(9), 645-654. Stuart, G. W. (2014).Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

A qualitative research is a subjective research study which focuses on concepts, meanings and characteristics of different phenomena. A qualitative study is usually done to find out the most common trends regarding a particular subject.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It uses individual methods to collect and analyze information from different sources using individual interviews, small focus groups and observation. This study is done to uncover underlying causes which make a certain problem occur and how they affect subjects involved. A qualitative research normally has a small sample of respondents who are chosen to represent a specific focus group. These respondents contribute information regarding issues faced by the group being surveyed. The study uses unstructured techniques to collect more data and information about a problem being studi ed. In a qualitative study, researchers test a general hypothesis to determine its impact. The quality of findings which are gathered by the study are heavily influenced by the researcher’s own skills and competence. A quantitative research is a study which is objective in nature. It is more concerned with generating data to explain why a particular phenomenon is occurring. This type of study also looks at the frequency in occurrence of a particular phenomenon and how people feel regarding its occurrence. A quantitative research uses a large number of respondents randomly chosen by researchers. The respondents chosen to participate in the study have characteristics which are similar to the population sample being studied. This study gathers data and information through structured processes such as questionnaires and general interviews. The study focuses on statistical relationships between different phenomena to come up with generalized results, which can be used to solve pro blems in other populations. In this study, researchers test a specific hypothesis to come up with results, which are not heavily influenced by the researcher’s skills. Positivism and Constructivism Positivism is a school of thought which argues that scientific knowledge is the only form of reliable knowledge because it is supported by valid measurable evidence. Positivism theory argues that ideas which have been taken through measurable scientific processes are more valid than those which are not influenced by science. Positivism focuses on empirical evidence which outlines how a process has been conducted to come up with rational and objective results. This theory further argues that empirical processes used to conduct different studies and experiments need to be tested to determine their accuracy and reliability.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Positivism was developed in the 19th century by August Comte, a French philosopher. Comte was driven by philosophical and scientific ideas, which advocated for the use of strong empirical methods to uncover additional information about a phenomenon. Positivism theory has been used to advance knowledge in law, social sciences and politics because of its strong emphasis on rationalism. Constructivism is a school of thought which argues that international systems of governance are formed by social processes, which are heavily influenced by human actions. Therefore, these capabilities have a direct impact on the way states relate with other states in international relations. Core concepts of constructivism are identity, ideologies, debates and social interactions, which have an impact on international issues such as human rights, global security, international trade and regional cooperation. Constructivist theories have been widely used in international relations, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union and communism. The theory shows that social issues are influenced by people’s intentions and actions, which make up different social systems. It further argues that international issues are heavily influenced by different values, strong ideas and national identities, which combine to shape the way international systems function. Therefore, many ideas related to this school of thought have been used to explain different political and social events that have happened in different parts of the world in the past two decades. Inductive and Deductive Approaches An inductive approach is a research approach which allows a researcher to give subjective explanations regarding a specific phenomenon using real life examples.It is more flexible because it does not require a researcher to use a pre-determined process when collecting data and information regarding a phenomenon being studied. The researcher is free to use different statistics and information to come up with a multi-dimensional conclusion which explains the problem being studied. An inductive approach assumes that knowledge is gathered effectively, based on the way a researcher experiences a specific phenomenon he is studying. This approach helps a researcher to come up with a theory based on the research problem being studied. It is linked with interpretivism because the processes used in the study move from specific perspectives to generalized theories and observations. An inductive approach when used to conduct a research study makes a researcher to reach generalized conclusions, which have an element of uncertainty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A deductive approach is used by a researcher who has a general idea about a phenomenon, to uncover more details that enable him understand the issue better. It has close relationships with positivism theory because it is influenced by specific outcomes gathered through a measurable research process. This research approach makes it possible for a researcher to come up with a hypothesis using different data and information to confirm its validity and relevance. This enables the researcher to use theory, observation and confirmation processes to come up with strong conclusions which explain the topic under study. A deductive approach makes a researcher to have a more logical conclusion, which is backed up by reliable facts from the research process. This approach also allows a researcher to come up with specific findings which give factual evidence about issues related to a particular phenomenon. Research Methods The most commonly used research methods are explained below: Surveys Surveys are used to gather information regarding a specific phenomenon being studied. It targets specific respondents out of a sample population to uncover specific information related to a research study. Surveys are used to gather responses from different people and these responses help a researcher to come up with conclusions, which explain why a particular issue is happening. Surveys are usually done by collecting and analyzing data and statistics, to show their effect on the specific phenomenon being studied. They are also used to evaluate patterns of opinion as revealed by respondents of a particular study. Participant Observation This is a research method through which a researcher observes a social situation within a particular area to gather more data about a phenomenon being studied. The researcher takes time to understand more about issues experienced by research subjects, in environments where they occur. Therefore, a researcher gets access to a social group and studies different issues which affect the population living there. Afterwards, a researcher analyzes and interprets all issues he witnessed, which contribute more knowledge to the study.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interviews This is the interaction between a researcher and a respondent, where the researcher asks the respondent direct questions. Interviews allow researchers to engage respondents through face to face communication. A researcher is able to know more information about an issue because of the willingness by a respondent to share what he knows. Therefore, a researcher can be more flexible because he can ask the interviewee new questions related to information he or she has shared. The interviewer can observe the personal demeanor of an interviewee during the process, to ascertain what influences him to act that way and how this influences the research process. Documentary Research This is a research method where the researcher uses other published and electronic sources to uncover more details about an issue being studied. The researcher selects various published materials, and analyzes their relevance to the study being conducted. The researcher then synthesizes gathered informati on which he uses as evidence to support his study’s hypothesis. Documentary research is favored by many people in academic studies because it exposes the researcher to a wide variety of resources, which help him uncover more information about the study. A documentary research helps a researcher to compare different published sources to come up with more arguments which strengthen the main hypothesis. Research Instruments Questionnaires Questionnaires are normally used to gather information from respondents regarding different phenomena being studied. It consists of a series of questions which are given to a selected sample of respondents who are affected by the issue being studied. An interviewer should use open ended questions because they allow respondents to give out more information regarding an issue being studied. The researcher then analyzes the responses given after the questionnaires have been handed in to evaluate their contribution to the study. Unstructured Interv iew This is a form of interviewing where a researcher can modify questions to suit the respondent’s level of education, understanding, culture, personality or intelligence. This form of interview allows an interviewer to engage the listener and evaluate the level of knowledge he or she has regarding questions that need to be answered in the interview. An unstructured interview allows the interviewer to come up with new questions, which help to uncover more information. The interviewer analyzes all the information gathered to make his conclusions on the study. Tests Some researchers use tests to gather specific results about a particular phenomenon. Tests are used in qualitative research studies to gather more information about causes and effects of a particular phenomenon, which is experienced by a specific sampled population. Tests are normally conducted by medical researchers to find out more details about the incidence of disease, malnutrition, maternal death and pollution in a specific area. Tests make it possible for researchers to get specific details about an issue being studied through the use of empirical processes, which show how certain phenomena occur. Scales Scales are used to measure different attributes in a subject being studied by a researcher. Scales are used to measure time intervals and other variables which influence the way different events occur in a particular population. They make it possible for researchers to analyze data which has been collected to come up with specific conclusions about how it affects the phenomenon being studied. Research Ethics Research ethics are moral principles which a researcher needs to be aware of before conducting a specific study. Research ethics make it possible for a researcher to perform his duties properly to ensure the process used to conduct the study is credible, accurate and reliable. A researcher needs to seek the consent of all people he wants to include in a research study before it is c onducted. The research process should be done with a clear objective to ensure results which are obtained are not misused or altered to suit a researcher’s own interests. It is important for a researcher to use accurate data analysis and collection tools to make it easy for interested parties to scrutinize the research design. This ensures that research findings are accurate and credible. This helps to strengthen the reliability of findings uncovered by the research. Researchers need to ensure that all participants who choose to take part in a research process sign consent forms to show evidence of their involvement. However, it is advisable that participants remain anonymous to make them more willing to share information with the interviewer. This ensures that outside sources who get access to the gathered data are not able to reveal identities of respondents who participated in the study. Researchers have a moral duty to ensure that all humans and animals used to conduct a particular study are not harmed. Tests and other procedures need to be assessed to ensure they conform to the required standards before they are administered. Researchers should not offer inducements in form of cash or gifts to potential respondents because this affects the credibility of their studies negatively. Researchers need to observe all legal processes that are related to research to ensure they conduct studies which are fair and accurate. Research Process A research process can be described as a set of procedures which are used to gather more information about a specific phenomenon using scientific methods. A researcher structures a plan of action which he uses to locate different sources of information and data for his study. He follows an approach which outlines steps that he needs to follow while gathering and analyzing data obtained from the study. The researcher plans all the processes that need to be used and allocates adequate time for each process that is going to be used to conduct the study. A researcher needs to identify a topic of interest and plan on techniques he is going to use to gather more data about that topic. A topic needs to be narrowed down to a specific issue with a sizable scope, which the writer is able to handle comfortably. A researcher should have basic information about the topic he has chosen by conducting a background study. A background study is mainly done through reviewing books, journals, websites and other publications which reveal more about the topic to be studied. This will help the researcher to determine how much information exists about a topic he has chosen to research on. A researcher needs to refine his topic to ensure that it is more appropriate to the kind of study he wants to conduct. If a topic has too much information, the researcher should narrow it down to make it more specific. After refining the topic, the researcher needs to collect and organize materials which will help him to conduct the study . He needs to assess their relevance and credibility to ensure that they provide relevant information to the research study. Afterwards, he should take notes and compile all the information gathered from different sources in a logical format to help him carry out the remaining part of the study. After all these processes have ended, a researcher can begin working on the research project. Data Analysis This is a process through which gathered data in a research study is assessed, edited and proofread to make it more accurate and logical. It helps to make the data easy to interpret by different people who have a direct interest in its findings. Data analysis makes it possible for data to be aggregated. Therefore, a researcher is able to reveal processes used to come with findings of the study more clearly. During the process of data analysis, a researcher is able to use different techniques to edit the data gathered to make it more coherent and logical. This makes it possible for him to evaluate if there are any gaps in information and how they affect research findings. Data analysis also enables a researcher to choose the most effective format through which results of the study gathered can be displayed. It also makes it possible for a researcher to look keenly at the quality of measurements done by different research instruments used to conduct the study. This allows a researcher to look at the variance of statistical tools used to measure different variables to assess whether they contribute positively to the study. Therefore, data analysis enables a researcher to find out if the study conducted has satisfied the specific objectives outlined in the research proposal. This essay on Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research was written and submitted by user Jaylynn Combs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Philippines Informative essays

Philippines Informative essays In chapter 6 of our speech book we covered what the definition of a culture is and discussed a little bit of the differences and kinds of cultures around the world. How many of you know where the country of the Philippines is located? Did you know that America purchased the islands of the Philippines from the Spaniards for $20million dollars? Today I will be discussing briefly about the history of the country, where the country is located, and the different cultures each region has and share with you some of my personal experiences when I was living there. According to askjeeves.com, Philippines is located about 7,772 miles from Sioux Falls, SD. It takes approximately sixteen hrs. none-stop flight from Sioux Falls airport to Ninoy Aquino airport in Manila. There is no none-stop flight so when mom and I went to the Philippines 2years ago, it took us approximately 23hrs to get there stopping in Minneapolis and in Tokyo,Japan. According to Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia, copyrighted in 96; situated about 750miles east of the coast of Vietnam, the Philippines are separated from Taiwan on the North by the Bashi Channel. The country comprises about 7100 islands, of which only about 460 are more than 1sq mile in area. The total area of the Philippines is about 115,830 sq miles that is approximately 4times the size of Maine according to askjeeves.com. The islands of the Philippines are divided into three major geographic groups; Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Manila is the capital and the largest city of the Philippines. The first humans in t he Philippine Islands are thought to have come from China and the Malayan Archipelago some 250,000 years ago. A Filipino is a mixed of Chinese, American, Spanish and Arab blood. The Philippines has a population of 76.5million as of May 2000. The Philippines is currently the third-largest English speaking country in the world, after United States and the United Kingdom. From fourth grade throug...

How to Make an Audiobook Step-by-Step [With Video]

How to Make an Audiobook Step-by-Step [With Video] How to Make an Audiobook Step-by-Step [With Video] Not having an audiobook version of your book might, quite likely, be the death of your success. Which means you must know how to make an audiobook to fix that.We’re in the age of podcasts, radio apps, and audiobooks, and now couldn’t be a better time to convert your eBook into an audiobook. But many writers get scared off by the thought of creating an audiobook.â€Å"Isn’t it expensive?† â€Å"Won’t it take a ton of time?† â€Å"How do I even do it?!?† Thankfully, self-publishing an audiobook now is as easy as self-publishing your book. It has become cost-effective and approachable for self-published authors, and there is a range of options depending on the budget you want to spend on it.Here are the steps for how to make an audiobook:Prep your book for audiobook recordingDecide who will record itHire an audiobook narratorRecord the audiobook yourselfWork with an audiobook producerCreate the audiobook at homeUpload your audiobook to AC XHere are the exact steps you need to follow, and our suggestions for turning your book into the next big audiobook.

Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay - 1

Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail - Essay Example King supported are the ones that guide the contemporary social workers. He believed that people had equal rights, despite of the color of their skin and their ethnic origin, and he proved that restricting those rights demeans both the oppressed and the oppressors. In the contemporary society where segregation according to various tokens, beginning from race and ending with sexual orientation or religious affiliation is still a vital problem, his ideas are very valuable. In the Letter from Birmingham Jail the author did his best to prove the right of his people to organize civil non-violent actions of protest, as they were prohibited in the city of Birmingham at those times. In order to prove his viewpoint, Martin Luther brings the examples from the religious sources, such as the New and Old Testament, from the history of the American democracy, and from the world history. For example, in order to explain and support his vision of the just and unjust laws Martin Luther provides the words of the middle-age catholic religious leader and mystic St. Thomas Aquinas, and when the need for the civil disobedience needs to be proved, he brings the example of the people who disobeyed the command to give all the Jews to the Nazi government both in Germany and occupied countries. To support this claim he also recalled the early Christians who refused to obey the orders of Nebuchadnezzar, as those were against their moral and religious beliefs. In order to clear himself from the accusations in the extremism, Martin Luther recalled the well-known phrases and sayings by the famous people like Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, John Bunyan and the Christ's apostle, Paul, which sounded extremist, but their aim was clear and just; he proved that they were the extremists for love, justice and freedom. In his writing Martin Luther talked about priests and ministers, clearly displaying that all of them were sometimes capable of the heroic words and deeds, and of the cowardice or malice prepense. The author emphasized that social status or occupation doesn't determinate the moral qualities of the human being. This idea is one of the basic principles of the contemporary social work. It is believed that a person who is in need has the right to receive help despite of age, race, gender, social status etc. Dr. King was one of the most prominent social activists who introduced this idea into the minds of ordinary Americans, bringing this value from the religious sphere to the social one. Martin Luther King was a religious person, and at the beginning of his fight he hoped that the white clergy will support his claims, as they coincided with the values and norms that were promoted by them. Unfortunately, according to his own words "some have been outright opponents, refusing to understand the freedom movement and misrepresenting its leader era; an too many others have been more cautious than courageous and have remained silent behind the anesthetizing security of stained-glass windows." By those actions the white religious leaders alienated numerous black, Latina and even white followers from their churches, as it was obvious for those people that by oppressing or being neutral towards the anti segregation movement is against all the principles they proclaim on their Sunday preaching, against the norms and values declared in the Bible. Those events also gave Martin Luther King the opportunity to show to the

Financial Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Plan - Assignment Example Vending machine being the most important asset is the first to be purchased. A vendor machine cost 200 and purchases for fifty machines were made and distributed at each location. Products provide are; meals, drinks and snacks at each vendor. As I begin, drinks are bought at four dollars and sold at five dollars realizing a profit of a dollar per drink. Meals are bought at .75 and sold at a dollar similarly to snacks realizing a profit of a .25 dollar per meal and snack. The units per the product served rise at a half percent in semiannual basis during the five year period. After every 6 months we increased purchases by half of the previous period up to the third year. For the fourth year and fifth year, the purchases were 400 units, 2000 units and 2000 units per month for meals, snacks and drinks respectively. This help account for business growth and development of the business. At the starting periods many variable assets are inclusive thus the reason of lower starting stock, as p rogress is made profits are realized within the period thus on the third year we replaced 10 vending machines that were

Exam case financial accounting Essay Example for Free

Exam case financial accounting Essay Solutions to Exercises and Problems Tutorial 1 IFM Case 2-2 Case 2-2 SKD Limited 1.Goodwill There is no goodwill amortization expense in Country A, so the goodwill amortization expense recognized by SKD must be added back to determine income under Country A GAAP. SKD amortizes goodwill over a longer period (20 years) than is allowed in Country B (5 years), so an additional amount of goodwill amortization expense must be recognized to determine income under Country B GAAP, which reduces Country B GAAP income. b.The goodwill adjustment affects the retained earnings in stockholders’ equity. The increase in Country A GAAP income results in an increase in retained earnings and the decrease in Country B GAAP income results in a decrease in retained earnings. c.The adjustment to income is for the current year only. The adjustment to stockholders’ equity is cumulative. The fact that the stockholders’ equity adjustment is three times as larger as the income adjustment implies that the goodwill was purchased three year ago. 2.Capitalized Interest a.The adjustment labeled â€Å"Capitalized interest† relates to the interest that is not expensed but instead is capitalized under Country A GAAP. The adjustment labeled â€Å"Depreciation related to capitalized interest† relates to the depreciation of the interest that was capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. b.The first adjustment increases income because interest is not being expensed immediately but instead is capitalized as part of the cost of the asset to which it relates. The second adjustment decreases income because under Country A GAAP, the asset to which interest is capitalized has a larger cost and therefore a larger depreciation expense. c.Both income adjustments are closed out to retained earnings and partially offset one another. The increase to income of $50 and the decrease of $20 result in a net increase in retained earnings of $30. 3.Fixed Assets a.When fixed assets are revalued to a higher amount, there is an increase in their carrying value with an offsetting increase in stockholders’ equity to keep the balance sheet in balance. The amount by which the assets are revalued is subject to depreciation, which results in a larger depreciation expense. The adjustment to recognize this additional depreciation expense decreases income under Country B GAAP. It also decreases stockholders’ equity (retained earnings). The decrease in retained earnings from additional depreciation is smaller than the increase in stockholders’ equity from revaluation of assets, which results in a net increase in stockholders’ equity. Note: if we knew when the fixed assets were revalued, we could determine the amount by which they were revalued. For example, if revaluation occurred at the end of the previous year, then the revaluation amount must have been $64 ($64 – 8 = $56) because only one year of additional deprecat ion would be included in the stockholders’ equity adjustment. 27. Holzer Company – Property, Plant, and Equipment (capitalization of borrowing costs and measurement of asset subsequent to acquisition using two alternative models) IAS 16 Cost Model Carry asset on the balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Capitalize borrowing costs borrowing costs attributable to the construction of qualifying assets. Annual interest ($900,000 x 10%)$90,000 Interest to be capitalized in Year 1 ($500,000* x 10%)50,000 Interest expense in Year 1$40,000 * Expenditures of $1,000,000 were made evenly throughout the year, so the average accumulated expenditures during the year are $500,000 ($1,000,000 / 2). Cost of building: Construction costs$1,000,000 Capitalized interest50,000 Total initial cost of building$1,050,000 Annual depreciation (beginning in Year 2) ($1,050,000 / 40 years) $26,250 Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5 Income Statement Depreciation expense$0$26,250$26,250$26,250$26,250 Balance Sheet Building (at 1/1)$0$1,050,000$1,023,750$997,500$971,250 Depreciation(26,250)(26,250)(26,250)(26,250) Building (at 12/31)$1,050,000$1,023,750$997,500$971,250$945,000 IAS 16 Revaluation Model Carry asset on the balance sheet at revalued amount equal to fair value less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Capitalize borrowing costs attributable to the construction of qualifying assets. Annual interest ($900,000 x 10%)$90,000 Interest to be capitalized in Year 1 ($500,000 x 10%)50,000 Interest expense in Year 1$40,000 Cost of building: Construction costs$1,000,000 Capitalized interest50,000 Total initial cost of building$1,050,000 Annual depreciation (beginning in Year 2) ($1,050,000 / 40 years) $26,250 Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5 Income Statement Depreciation expense$0$26,250$26,250$25,5262$25,526 Subtotal $0$26,250$26,250$25,526$25,526 Loss on revaluation27,500 Reversal of revaluation loss(27,500) Total expense (income)$0$26,250$43,750$25,526$(1,974) Balance Sheet Building (at 1/1)$0$1,050,000$1,023,750$970,000$944,474 Depreciation(26,250)(26,250)(25,526)(25,526) Building (at 12/31)$1,050,000$1,023,750$997,500$944,474$918,948 Loss on revaluation(27,500)1 Reversal of revaluation loss27,5003 Revaluation surplus 3,5523 Building (at 12/31)$1,050,000$1,023,750$970,000 $944,474$950,000 1At December 31,Year 3, the fair value of the building is determined to be $970,000. The carrying value of the building is decreased by $27,500, with a loss on revaluation recognized in Year 3 net income. 2 Depreciation in Year 4 is $25,526 ($970,000 / 38 remaining years). 3At December 31,Year 5, the fair value of the building is determined to be $950,000. The carrying value of the building is increased by $31,052. A reversal of revaluation loss of $27,500 is recognized in income and $3,552 ($31,052 – 27,500) is recorded as revaluation surplus in shareholders’ equity.

Truman Capotes In Cold Blood: Novel vs Movie Essay -- In Cold Blood Es

The book, â€Å"In Cold Blood†, is a nonfiction story by Truman Capote. This book presents one of the worst murders in history. It was a best seller worldwide, and turned into a successful movie. As usual the movie does not stand up to the book. If you want more knowledge of the townspeople, victims and more insight into the trial, more background details of the murders, you should read the book. If you are interested in history and a good murder mystery all in the confines of a book cover, read In Cold Blood by Truman Capote. While reading the book â€Å"In Cold Blood† you are introduced to the Clutter family one by one. You learn that Herb Clutter is the head of the house. He is well liked and respected by the townspeople. Mr. Clutter was a prosperous farmer. As the reader, you learn that Bonnie Clutter, Herb Clutter’s, wife is a recluse due to fainting spells. This caused her to stay close to home, inside a lot. Nancy is the daughter of Herb and Bonnie, and she is popular with her peers and liked throughout the town. The last of the Clutter family to be introduced to us is Kenyon, the son of Herb and Bonnie and Nancy’s brother. These are the victims of the awful murders. You get to know them all. In the movie they are humanized, but in the book you get to know them better. The movie shows us a very disturbed Perry Smith and a cunning, want to get rich quick, Dick Hickock. While the book details Perry’s life in the juvenile detention center, his life in the convent, and the closeness he shared with his sister Barbara. The movie closely mirrored this, and you see great detail of Perry Smith’s childhood. Mr. Capote sets the stage and the fill of the town nicely, by describing in detail the drive into town. He sets the ... ...ted Gindin, James. â€Å"Harvest of a Quiet Eye: The Novel of Compassion.† Contemporary Literaray Criticism. Vol. 3. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1975. 100. Hollowell, John. â€Å"Truman Capote’s Nonfiction Novel.† Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 19. Ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1975. 84. â€Å"Literary Classics.† (Mar. 18, 1999): n. pag. Online. Available: http://www.bomc.com. â€Å"Manaly Analysis: In Cold Blood†. (Mar. 18, 1999): n. pag. Online. Available: http://www.showcase.com. Nance, William L. â€Å"The Worlds of Truman Capote.† Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 13. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1975. 137-139. Whittington-Egan Richard. â€Å"Needle-Pointed Penman.† Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 8. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit: Gale Research company, 1975. 133.

Insect Repellent and Investigatory Project Essay

We make this Project to be used as a Natural Insect Repellant. Aside from it is homemade, its ingredients can only be found in your background. It is not bad for the environment, it is not also bad for your skin if you use into it. For Lemongrass is a plant. Aside from the leaves and the oil are used to make medicine and some people apply lemongrass and its essential oil directly to the skin for headache, stomachache, abdominal pain, and muscle pain. By inhalation, the essential oil of lemongrass is used as aromatherapy for muscle pain. In food and beverages, lemongrass is used as a flavoring. It is also good ingredient in an insect repellant. Lemongrass leaves are also commonly used as â€Å"lemon† flavoring in herbal teas. In manufacturing, lemongrass is used as a fragrance in soaps and cosmetics. Lemongrass is also used in making vitamin A and natural citral. Lemongrass might help prevent the growth of some bacteria and yeast. Lemongrass also contains substances that are thought to relieve pain, reduce fever, stimulate the uterus and  menstrual flow, and have antioxidant properties. Garlic they help control bacterial, viral, fungal, yeast and worm infections. The chemical ajoene found in garlic may help treat fungal skin infections like ringworm and athlete’s foot. Angiotensin II is a protein that helps our blood vessels contract thereby increasing the blood pressure. Allicin in garlic blocks the activity of angiotensin II and helps in reducing blood pressure and such, it is also one of the best ingredients in an insect repellant for it smells strong and bitter that insects will avoid. Garlic is one of the best remedy in toothache, and aside from that it is also the best ingredient in an effective insect repellant. And alcohol can also be an ingredient of an insect repellant. If this four ingredients is combined, sure, they’ll gonna be a good product. A.)Background of the Study As an effective repellant, not only insects will avoid that object, its ingredients are all natural. You can only find it in your backyard. We are not only teaching them how to make an effective repellant, but we are also teaching them to be thrifty, save money and use the natural ingredients in the surroundings. There is a need to avoid the attacks of the destructive insects. B.)Statement of the Problems/Objectives An insect repellant is a solution to the attacks of the insects. Branded repellant has a strong chemical that might affect a person or a thing. There are many plants that can be used as a repellant which is safer. This study aims to answer the following questions: ïÆ'ËœIs that repellant really effective? ïÆ'ËœIs that repellant really natural? ïÆ'ËœIs that repellant cannot harm a person? ïÆ'ËœIs that repellant safe for the environment? C.)Significance of the Study The importance of this repellant is it makes the ant avoid such thing. The

Response to “Superman and Me” Essay

â€Å"Superman and Me† is an article by Sherman Alexie that addresses his early experiences with literature. Illiteracy is a huge issue in some lower class groups. Alexie states that, as a Spokane child, his future would likely consist of minimum wage jobs (Alexie 89). The author portrays literacy as a method of escaping these circumstances. In â€Å"Superman and Me†, Alexie describes how he gains his ability to read and write. He begins his journey to literacy in the most unlikely of places: a Superman comic book. The author explains that his reading trials expanded beyond those colorful pages, and allowed him to read the novels his father brought home. Clearly, the fact that he was surrounded by literature seems to have led to him becoming literate. These efforts led to hardships. Cultural expectations of Native Americans challenged him throughout his childhood. It is amazing that he had so many of these struggles as a child. Regarding the time he spent in class, the author notes, â€Å"We were Indian children who were expected to be stupid† (90). Alexie describes his classmates as being brighter outside of the classroom. This contradiction is puzzling. It seems as though the children are seeking to fulfill a role expected of them by the mainstream. It would take a strange kind of culture to disapprove of reading and learning. Still, Alexie disregards such negative influences. The story is painting a bigger picture, as far as literacy goes. Just as Superman breaks through the door to his target, Alexie does so as well. The breaking of the door represents a mental breakthrough. Instead of superpowers, Alexie has knowledge. He knows that literature can open the door to new opportunities. This is why he wishes so strongly for those failing students to strive for more; they can become something more than Spokane reservation kids. â€Æ' Works Cited Alexie, Sherman. â€Å"Superman and Me.† The McGraw-Hill Guide: Writing for College, Writing for Life (Student Edition): Duane Roen, Gregory Glau, Barry Maid.

Discuss the Development of Piano Lit From 1830 to WWII essays

Discuss the Development of Piano Lit From 1830 to WWII essays During the 1820s, revolutionary movements overthrew many governments in Europe including Spain, Naples, the Ottoman Empire, and eventually Russia. In 1830, Paris was experiencing the July Revolution where Charles X was overthrown and Louis Philippe was proclaimed the citizen king. The new ruler allowed more flexible tolerance for new ideas than any other country during this time. Paris felt these effects in a positive way as this flexibility in mindset allowed Paris to nurture and develop the ever growing creativity in the arts. This led Paris to be looked upon as one of the leading cultural centers in Europe. Rather than the exclusive nobility stature that music once had in Paris, the bourgeoisie involvement in the arts increased as a result of the political change. The French Grand Opera became more popular due to this factor. Among the figures were librettist Eugene Scribe and composer Giacomo Meyerbeer. The French Grand Opera also introduced more elaborate set designs which incorporated designs by artists such as Pierre Ciceri, Edmond Duponchel, and Louis Daguerre. The impact that French Grand Opera had on the development of piano literature was that it fortified Paris as a major musical center in Europe. This led to the development of virtuoso instrumental innovations, including the solo recital which began to gain in popularity. Niccolo Paganini was one of the premier figures to begin this new performance genre. He traveled extensively throughout Europe collaborating with many different combinations of musicians. Concerts during this period did not solely feature one performer but often included chamber music or concerti with orchestra. One of the most influential compositions by Paganini on the piano repertoire is his 24 Capricci for solo violin. Many composers composed pieces which are based on these Capricci, including Liszt, Schumann, Brahms, and Rachmaninoff. Paris was wild for his performances, beginning in ...

How to Write a Report Without Stress - Successful Tips

How to Write a Report Without Stress - Successful Tips Sometimes students are required to make a report, and they may confuse this task with essay writing. Needless to say, the skills you need for writing wuch a  paper are good knowledge of grammar, the ability to analyze things and find the most important information fast. Writing a report or any other academic paper is a serious assignment, and you need a guide to fulfill this task successfully without stress. In our useful guide, you will find all the needed information about writing a report, what skills sub-sections you need, and how to create this paper without wasting your precious time. Do you need a guide to write a report? In our skills sub-sections guide, students can find all the needed tips on how to write a report without wasting nerves. Of course, if you haven't got all the skills sub-sections we recommend, it's better to ask professionals about writing your document. Our talented specialists have all the skills you need for successful writing. ORDER YOUR REPORT NOW The Skills You Need Guide: The Needed Skills Sub-Sections When you're writing a report, you need strong skills to complete the task perfectly. For students, it's not always clear how to write a good document. Usually, teachers require them to create something without telling how to write this paper and the skills you need to complete it successfully In our how to write a report guide, we're going to share the main skills sub-sections: 1. Managing your time This is not always so easy to manage your time while writing a report because you have to plan a lot of things like researching the subject, making an outline, editing the finished work, etc. How to write papers within a deadline? Time-management is important for students to fulfill their tasks in time. Most students get problems with planning their time while writing a report. We suggest reading our e-books about the skills you need to develop your time-management. 2. Researching When you want to improve your writing abilities, it's critical to learn how to research information before writing a report. It's impossible to create a good paper without reading a lot of information and structuring it well. You have to understand what sources are good to use in your paper, how to cite them properly, and how to analyze information to make your own opinion on the particular things. Our e-books on researching will be a must-have for students who want to make excellent documents! 3. Developing an idea Before you start thinking about how to write a document, it's important to develop the main idea. Spend some time thinking about the key points and the idea of the paper to create a thesis statement. Patience and clear thinking are the skills you need here. If you need a guide to develop an idea, feel free to search for it in our how to write papers blog. 4. Understanding your readers When students are writing any papers, they have to understand their future audience. This helps to create an interesting document for a particular group of people. Before you start to write, think who will read the paper, and what kind of things can make this group of people interested in reading and discussing it. If you need a guide to research your audience before writing, read our e-books about the skills you need, and learn how to write better and improve your abilities without stress! 5. Organizing your future report. It's important to follow the particular format when writing a report Most papers for students must include three main parts: an introduction,   main part, and a conclusion. Make sure you know the required format and read all the instructions on writing. Skills in organization the document help students to make successful manuscripts without problems. Keeping your work well-organized will prevent a lot of problems like repeating things, stress, and time-wasting. Organizing your document and keeping a good structure are the skills you need to finish your task perfectly. Don't hesitate to read our e-books on how to write and organize a report. 6. Clear writing and straight thoughts are the skills you need It's a very important point in our skills sub-sections because every paper should be created with a formal tone and proper grammar. When you need to support the argument or tell readers your own opinion, it's important to write clearly and straight. Include only the information on the subject. Learn to formulate thoughts straightforward without many words. Build simple and short sentences, it'll help readers to understand your document better. If you need a guide to create good manuscripts, our e-books on how to write academic papers will be quite useful. 7. Grammar rules Knowing grammar and punctuation rules are the skills you need to create marvelous texts. When students are writing a report, it's inappropriate to write with errors. We suggest checking the completed paper and correct all the mistakes. If you need a guide to revise documents for grammar mistakes, feel free to use various online programs and read our e-books with detailed instructions. Nobody wants to read articles with misprints and mistakes, so do your best to make papers look professional! Read more articles from our blog to learn how to write excellent texts. What to Do if You Don't Have the Skills You Need? Here are five great reasons why clients keep choosing our team for writing their manuscripts: Talented authors know how to write bright documents. They have all the skills you need for creating a professional paper on the highest level. Experienced editors can review completed texts for errors. They will give no chance to mistakes to appear in your writing. 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Hebrew Bible and Bhagavad-Gita Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hebrew Bible and Bhagavad-Gita - Essay Example On the other hand, there are few faiths that are called earthly religions, which are pluralist faiths, and seek inspiration from multiple gods and goddesses; Jainism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Sikhism etc come under the definition of this category (Beckerlegge, 2000). Although the teachings and belief system of Abrahamic monotheist faiths and pluralist faiths like Hinduism and others appear to be pole-apart from one another in all respects, yet the researchers observe few commonalities between their scriptures and declare them the source of the same sacred light enkindling the world with the concept of the Lord. The Old Testament or Hebrew Bible serves as the Holy Scripture for the Jewish and Christian communities, as they claim that it contains the word of God in the form of covenant between the Lord and His favorite nation House of Jacob as well as the commands and decrees God issued in the form of Ten Commandments to Moses determining the code of life to be observed in order to win t he Will of God in this life and hereinafter according to the Jewish and Christian faiths and traditions (Dimont, 2003). ... Jesus Christ is the central figure in according to the Christian faith, which arrived in the world through a unique virgin birth as the Savior of the humanity or Messiah, in order to preach the humanity going astray from the right path of glory and submission to the commandments of the Lord. And in case of non-compliance with his commands by the rebels and non-believers, he would sacrifice his life in order to protect the entire humanity from the wrath of God because of their sins and deviancies they committed in their life on the earth (Damascene, 2009). It is, therefore, the Christians regard Jesus as the son of God in human form. The same is the feelings of reverence and regard for Krishna in Hindu mythology and their holy book Gita, which declares him as God incarnated for the welfare of humanity, as Krishna is attributed to stating that: â€Å"I am birth-less and changeless. I am the lord (Gita, IV: 6); almost the same statement is associated with Jesus Christ, where he views h imself as the Lord, which does not experience any change in his person altogether (Malachi 3:6). Thus, both the holy books i.e. Bible and Gita regard Christ and Krishna as gods. It has aptly been observed that the Old and New Testaments discuss the belief system and commandments of the Lord, and warn the deviants by narrating the fate of their forerunner nations in past, these Scriptures do not provide any detailed account of Christ’s life; as a result, it is actually Gospel that particularly defines him as deity (Revelation, 22:13), the name and account of which resembles with the Hindu scripture, Gita.  

Pop Art 1960s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pop Art 1960s - Essay Example The first reference to Pop Art was made by a British art critic, Lawrence Alloway in an essay called, ‘The arts and mass media’. He perhaps, was the first one to defend mass culture as an art form. Concerning the origins of Pop Art, Alloway said, â€Å"The term, originated in England by me, as a description of mass communications, especially, but not exclusively, visual ones." The earliest of paintings to be recognised as Pop art was a small 101/4 X 93/4 inches collage titled ‘Just what is it that makes today’s homes s different, so appealing’ by British Artist Richard Hamilton along with John Mc Hale and John Voelcker for an exhibition titled, This is tomorrow, held in 1956 in London. The painting features the interiors of artist Mc Hale’s home, where a body builder holds a big lollypop, on which the word ‘Pop’ is written. At a side on a sofa is a nude posing. The other elements in the collage are a comic book strip, a ham tine, newspaper and a tape recorder, a vacuum cleaner, television set and perhaps an image of the moon. Windows of this room seem to be open, giving a peek of a movie theatre.The modern city life depicts the essence of Pop Art. Images from newspapers, magazines and catalogues form the image of contemporary life. Interpretations of this piece of art are many. However, by and large, the collage seems to represent then new ideas of communication that the artists. The subject has been reworked many a times by Hamilton, including a 1992 version where a female body builder replaces the muscle man. Hamilton has created many remarkable pieces of art, the most famous being replica of Duchamp's, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors (1965), Hommage a Chrysler corp. (1957), Interior (1964) etc. While Richard Hamilton can be rightly called precursor of Pop Art, American Artist Andy Warhol extended the Pop Art genre giving it new heights, newer dimensions. He experimented with different mediums-painting, sculpture; film, etc., his most famous work being Campbell's Soup Cans. During the 1960s, Warhol laid the foundation of his studio, The Factory in these years he sought not only

The Story of an Hour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Story of an Hour - Essay Example She recollects her married life, the good and the bad experiences of it! She screams, â€Å"Free, free, free.† This is, however, no indication that she does not love her husband. But the inevitable has happened. The death of her husband is a reality and he is gone for ever, never to return! She decides to live a new life and is willing to accept the changed patterns. She is quite emotional, comes down the stairs, only to see her husband return alive, hale and hearty. She is greatly shocked and suffers a heart attack that ends her life. An element of suspense is the hallmark of the plot of the story. The reader never expects that Mallard’s husband will return alive, whereas she had readied to charter her life in the absence of her husband. The plot is so constructed, the author leaves it to the judgment of the reader whether she is happy or not in her married life. When, the husband returns alive, she is not ready to face the situation, this shock is too strong for her, as is the shock when the news of the accidental death of her husband is revealed to her. The story pertains to the late 19th century, when male-dominated society prevailed. The life of a woman was confined to the four walls of the house, cook, bear and rear children. Women had no right to vote in the general elections. They were hired for menial jobs on payment on a lower scale as compared to men. Mallad’s husband dominated her. â€Å"Chopin deals with the issues of female self-discovery and identity in this story. After Mrs. Mallard learns of her husbands death, she is initially overcome with grief. But quickly she begins to feel a previously unknown sense of freedom and relief.† (The Story†¦.)The new-found awakening startles her—is it good or bad? Is it morally correct? She is possessed with her feelings. She is inclined to abandon her former self in search of the new identity her destiny has thrust upon her. After the brief spell of excitement, she regains her composure. She is

Importance of the Student Council and Student Voices

Importance of the Student Council and Student Voices It is being widely recognized that young people have the tight to be heard and also to speak out about their school experiences. International policy makers are urging the contribution of young people to todays and tomorrows world. The U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child included the right of children to be heard as one of their four basic principles. How to listen and learn, as well as to teach and lead, is the challenge for teachers, schools and their communities (TEACHING AND LEARNINIG, JUNE 2003). A study by Helen Demetriou showed that consulting the young people could be a way to responding to the needs of teachers and also the pupils. It shows that pupils voice have the potential to harness the thoughts and feelings of pupils which will ultimately lead to effective teaching and learning. The study carried out interviews on 11 secondary school science teachers to ascertain the quality of their teaching and the extent to which they felt they were successful in communicating with the students. Thus the research highlighted the merits of consulting children in both primary and secondary schools about their teaching and learning (Helen Demetriou, university of Cambridge). What must the students be consulted about? Firstly the students must be consulted about the School-wide issues Like revising school mission statements, system of rewards and sanctions, revising school rules, what qualities are needed in a new teacher, and how to get the school council to work well the contribution of pupils as researchers. Secondly they must be consulted about the Year group issues like the induction plan for next year, parents evenings, qualities in a year tutor, suggestions for timetables and organizing homework. Thirdly students must be consulted on issues in their class like their preferences in learning styles, way f understanding, peer support, improving group works and way of catching up so that you dont miss work. Consultations at all these three levels have a similar purpose but are shaped differently i.e. in the context in which they occur. In the classroom teachers must always consult pupils and check whether theyve understood the module or need help in their learning. At school level the consultation is based on a different set of condition, skills and sensitivities (TEACHING AND LEARNING, JUNE 2003). ADVANTAGES FOR THE PUPIL It develops in them a stronger sense of membership. They feel more positive about school and the organizational dimension. They will also build a stronger sense of respect and self worth, making them feel positive about themselves. It also creates a sense of self-as-learner and enables them to better manage their own learning. It gives the a sense of agency making them feel like a part of the school matters which will contribute in the improvement of  teaching and learning. ADVANTAGES FOR THE SCHOOL It helps build a practical agenda for a change which the pupils can identify with. The changes can lead to enhanced engagement with school and school learning. It helps in building a deeper relationship between the pupils and the teachers. It also creates a sound basis for developing democratic principles and practices. It will also enhance the capacity of the school as a learning organization. SCHOOL COUNCIL A school council is thus built on this foundation of student consultation, making their voice heard, and thereby integrating them as a part of the organizational system. A school council is a group of students who are elected to represent the views of all pupils and also to improve the school. The term means collectively stands for all kinds of school-based groups run by students, which includes student forums and youth parliaments (Newsround, school councils, retrieved on 28th April).The functions of the school council are to organizes meetings; usually with a teacher present, on topics such as school lunches, behavior or ideas for fundraising events. The members of the school council are also responsible for carrying out the final ideas that have been agreed at the end of each session e.g. planning discos, writing newspaper articles, or meeting with catering staff. The important features that will enhance the working of a school council are firstly it should not be too big. Secondl y they must conduct regular meetings and representatives with strong communication skills must be chosen. Training should also be provided for the members. The council can be again spilt into smaller sub-committees that will work on specific events. The council must also carry out annual evaluations and also decide their curriculum time so that they dont miss out on their lessons. The concept of School Councils has been around for around for almost 40 years, but now with citizenship being taught, there are many more around. The government acknowledges that school councils are important; but still they will not force schools to have one. In some countries there however there are laws which state all secondary schools must have councils. Eg:- Ireland, Germany, Spain, Sweden (Newsround, school councils, retrieved on 28th April). Every school council is a legal entity in its own right i.e. they are a group of people who are given the power to set the key directions for the school. This means that a school council can directly influence the quality of education that the school provides to its students. They endorse the key school planning, evaluation and reporting documents which also includes the School Strategic Plan, the school budget and the Annual Report to the School Community. School councils make sure the schools running effectively in terms of how it spends its money. The council is accountable to the Minister for Education in respect to how it fulfills its functions. (Introduction to school council, retrieved on 28th April). Objectives of a school council A school councils objectives must include assisting the schools in their efficient governance, ensuring that decisions affecting students of the school are made keeping in mind first and foremost the students interests. It must also include, enhancing the educational opportunities of the students at the school and ensuring that the school and council comply with all the legal requirements. Functions of a school council (Introduction to school council, retrieved on 28th april) The 3 critical functions of a school council are to firstly participate in the development of the School Strategic Plan. Secondly it is to approve the annual budget and the monitor the expenditures. Thirdly they must be involved in developing, reviewing, updating and monitoring of the school policies Drawbacks of a school council The drawbacks of a school council includes that firstly it does not manage day-to-day functioning of the school. It also does not discuss the individual issues that relate to teachers or staff or parents. Thirdly school councilors are not appointed to represent specific interest groups. Also school councils do not renew the principals contract or recruit or dismiss the principal. The school Council is also not allowed to grant license in terms of land; purchase a motor vehicle or plane etc. Co-operative forces in school councils In order for school councils to operate effectively, its important that the school council is able to work in a team. An important relationship is that between the principal and the school council president. They need to co-operate and work together, and when necessary, be prepared to acknowledge any personal differences so as to be able to work in partnership for the good of the school. Even the school council president and the conveners of the subcommittees must maintain respectful and cooperative relationships. Subcommittees are advisory bodies to school council and do not make decisions by themselves. Therefore its important for subcommittee to remember this. School council members need to work as a team, which means respecting the different skills, knowledge and experience that each member brings to council, sharing the workload and responsibility. School council also needs to be able to work cooperatively with the parents and staff at the school. This does not mean that counsel ors have to like everyone, rather they need to be able to listen and ask the school community, about their views on various topics; example: uniform policy or dress code. The school council needs to discuss and document a process for consulting with its community. Role of school council members For the school councils to operate effectively, its very important that its members respect each others opinions, even with the ones with whom they disagree with. Its very important that after a council reaches a decision, the school counselors must support that decision in the school community. Parent members who are on the school council can share their experiences as parents at the school, thereby bringing a wider school community to school council meetings. If any community members are on a school council, they can introduce a particular skill to school council like accounting , building skills or some other skill that the school is looking for at that time. To be on the school council one must be keen, not necessarily an expert. Its helpful if one likes to interact with people, because of the need to be able to work as a team. One also needs to be prepared to commit time and effort to ensure the work of council gets done. School councils work best only when they have people from different backgrounds with different experiences. Being on the school council is thus a great way to get involved and have a say in what the school does for its students. It is also a very good way to help the present and future students. One important role of the school council is to help set the future direction for the school. The school council must meet at least 8 times every school year, and at least once per school term. Its a good practice to have 2 meetings per term. The meetings should be restricted to approximately 2.5 hours duration at most. Most schools require that all school counselors are expected to sit on at least one subcommittee. Subcommittees also meet at least twice each term (Introduction to school council, retrieved on 28th April). School council elections The principal arranges and conducts these elections according to the procedures that are outlined in the schools council. The Elections are held each year. If one decides to stand for election, they must arrange for someone to nominate them as a candidate or they can nominate themselves. The nomination form must be returned within the time stated on the notice of election and call for nominations. Ballots are held only if more people are nominated as candidates than there are positions to fill. Every student must vote and even encourage the parents to do the same. The details of the election process are available from the school. To find out more about what a school council involves, one can talk to the principal or the school council president or the past and present school counselors. Officer Roles in school council The School Councils have officer roles such as the Chairperson whose duty is to has to draw up an agenda at least two days before a meeting. He/she has to take views of the other Council members. Second officer duty is that of a Vice-Chairperson who takes the Chairpersons place if he/she is not available. A vice chairperson has to assist the chairperson. The third officer position is that of a secretary who has to take down the minutes of the meeting, write any letters/communicate with others. If a member seeks election as Chairperson, and proves unsuccessful, they automatically go forward for election as Vice-Chairperson. Need for a School Council To help children develop responsible attitudes, improve their behavior; give children hands-on experience of issues in the National Curriculum. It also creates a feeling of belonging, encourages listening to others and develops self-confidence. And above all to improve pupil/teacher relationships (SCHOOL COUNCIL, retrieved on 28th April). NSPC SURVEY (School Councils, retrieved on 28th April) In 1989 NSPCC ran its first Listen to Children week with an aim to encourage parents and professionals to listen to children. The underlying message was that a child who is heard is more likely to turn to a parent or other adult if she/he needs help. And the schools have a particular role in encouraging and empowering young people. In a previous research conducted by NSPCC, pupils across the Midlands and Wales were consulted about their school life. The major recommendation from this research was that schools must find effective ways of consulting pupils. School councils have been an essential feature of the British education for many years but very little was known about how effective teachers and students believed they were (School Councils, retrieved on 28th April 2011). The previous NSPCC activities and research have reinforced the importance of listening to children as part of their protection. Schools in particular have an important part to play in supporting this process of empowerment. NSPCC believes that school councils must encourage children and young people to be more resilient and better protected. NSPCC did this research as a first step in the process of attempting to learn more about school councils and how they were perceived by those who participate in them, as well as collecting the views of the staff and students who dont have school councils (School Councils: the Views of Students and Teachers). NSPCC conducted a survey of school councils in partnership with School Council UK and the Advisory Centre for Education (ACE). A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of teachers approx in 200 state primary schools and students and teachers in 600 state secondary schools in England and Wales. The findings were as follows (School Councils, retrieved on 28th April) The staff from 294 secondary schools and 89 primary schools responded; 226 of 240 secondary schools with councils also submitted a student response. Student replies were from 30 of the 54 secondary schools without councils. Three quarters of the council meetings were attended by a senior member of the schools management team. In 92% of the school councils in secondary schools and in 12 of the 16 councils in primary schools the student members were elected. The frequency of meetings varies enormously. In 4% of schools, meetings were held every week; in 9% they occurred once a month; and in the other 9%, three times a term; in 45% twice a term and in the remaining 27% once a term. 44% of schools meetings were held in that curriculum time; 35% were during the lunch break; 25% after school, and 2% before school and 2% in assembly time. In 91% cases students contributed to the agenda and in 66% the staff did. But there was, however, considerable variation in the consultation processes aro und these agendas. About 54% of council specific topics could not be discussed. (School Councils, retrieved on 28th April 2011). They were matters relating to members of staff (44% of councils) or individual pupils (19%). Areas other than that included uniform, the length of the school day, curriculum content and disciplinary matters. Most frequently mentioned agenda items were the matters related to canteen, uniforms and toilets. Twenty percent of the responding councils had discussed staff appointments, and majority of them had been involved in some way in the interviewing process. Comments from both staff and students indicated that most of them thought that councils played an important role in communicating. Student respondents in schools with councils rated the performance of their councils in relation to certain criteria. And the ratings showed that they were more optimistic about their potential for improving relationships between students (73%) than for securing an improvement in the relationships between staff and students (50%). The main advantage identified by the staff and students was that the cou ncils gave the students a voice, providing the link between staff and students, and also allowing the students to have a role in the management of school (School Councils, retrieved on 28th April 2011). The areas in which the staff wanted to see councils develop was in developing of a proactive student council, improved communication between councils and all other sections of the school community, particularly governing bodies, and student involvement in the development of school policies. Students placed more emphasis on raising the profile of councils in their schools, on contributing in areas where a student perspective was seen to be extremely important, such as the development of anti-bullying or discipline policies, and on obtaining appropriate training for student representatives so they could be more effective partners. The staff identified two main issues standing in the way of the development of some council, which were time constraints and staff resistance. The obstacle identified by students was to establish a higher level of trust between students and staff in many schools before real progress could be made. A third of the schools which responded did not have school cou ncils although the majority of them were willing to see one established. Staff and students alike viewed them as a way of giving the students a greater stake in their schools. Only few of the respondents opposed the introduction of a council in their schools. In the primary sector this was mainly because teachers thought their pupils were too young to participate effectively or because they felt staffs in these schools are already operating under extreme pressure which should not be augmented. Only a quarter of the staff respondents in schools without a council identified disadvantages in having one and that was related to the time that a staff would have to the council, if it were to develop into an effective force within the school (School Councils, retrieved on 28th April 2011). HISTORY OF SCHOOL COUNCIL Prior to the 1960s, political education was in the form of hard academic learning about constitutions and institutions especially for the high status students; or they were reminders of observing the rules by the low status students. Then with the introduction of the Program for Political Literacy (Lister 1987), procedure values and skills were being encouraged. (Ian Davis school council, retrieved on 28th April) During the 1980s a new era of education became prominent. Education based around global peace, gender, anti-racist etc were being emphasized upon. The focus was now on political literacy and specific political issues. In early 1990s citizenship education had was developed emphasized on voluntary activity by individual young people in the context of a declining welfare state. However the current version of citizenship education (from Cricks notion) is about social and moral responsibility; and also the community involvement and political literacy. A number of key thinkers have outlined the importance of school councils (Palmer; Davies, Gregory and McGuinn 2002). A few of them are mentioned as follows- Dewey postulated that thinking is the instrument for solving problems and that knowledge is the process of accumulation of wisdom gained in the problem solving process. (Westbrook 1993, p. 279). Rousseau outlines a number of key ideas like childhood is not just a preparation for adulthood but rather a stage of life in itself; individualization of education and also that children learn by discovering (Ian Davis, school council, retrieved on 28th April). Vygotsky argues that culture plays an important role and one cannot talk about learning as such, but has to judge the nature of learning in relation to the culture that produces it. Individuals can also develop their own learning by interacting with the environment and not waiting for learning to be imposed on them. (Ian Davis, school council, retrieved on 28th April). Rowes arguments for and against school councils FOR The students have the right to be heard and live in justice. They also learn how to serve each other. The council promotes citizenship learning and social confidence that will enable decision making in challenging situations. Its a democratic process which is effective and efficient in developing a consensus. AGAINST The Schools must not deceive the children into thinking that they have more power; its important that teachers exercise their professional responsibilities. It emphasizes service rather than rights. The councils create a low status and cynicism. ROWES CONCLUSION He concluded that its rather easy to underestimate the obstacles that come in between a good communication between teachers and students. The size of the council does matter. Momentum also is necessary because counselors will lose interest if nothing is happening. Also the staff needs to be responsible and make the students feel worthwhile. The head and administrative staff must make the counselors feel valued. The Staff must also be aware of vulnerable times of the year. SCHOOL COUNCILS IN OTHER COUNTRIES Danish Education Act 1996 requires that the secondary schools must create and maintain pupil councils when the majority of the students want to have one. The Irish Education Act (1998) The school board has to establish and maintain procedures for the purpose of informing students about the activities of the school. A procedure thats been established under section 1 will enable the involvement of the students in the operations of the school having regards for the age and experience of the students in association with their parents and teachers. A board of a post primary school should encourage the establishment of a student council and facilitate by giving assistance to The students who want to establish the council Councils when they have been established Australian secondary schools have a student representative council and in USA the National Association of Student Councils is active. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PARTICIPATION IN A COUNCIL Levels of participation (Hart 1992). Manipulation- The children are engaged for the benefit of their own interests, formulated by adults, but the children themselves do not understand the implications. Decoration- The children are called in to embellish adult actions. Adults do not pretend that all this is in the interest of the children themselves. Tokenism- Children are given a voice, to serve the child friendly image adults want to create, rather than the interest of the children themselves. Assigned but informed- Adults take the initiative to call in children but inform them on how and why. Only after the children understand the intentions of the project and the point of their involvement, the children decide whether or not to take part. Consulted and informed- Children are intensively consulted on a project designed by adults. Adult initiated shared decisions with children. In the case of projects concerned with community development, initiators such as community workers and local residents frequently involve various interest groups and age groups. Child initiated and directed- Children conceive, organize and direct a project themselves without adult interference. Child initiated shared decisions with adults Its up to the school to choose what they prefer (IAN DAVIS, SCHOOL COUNCIL, retrieved on 28th April). Methodology In order to investigate the functioning of the school council, a multi-method approach of gathering data (triangulation) is used to ensure maximum reliability and accuracy. The purpose of this is to ensure validity of data and ensure that the results of the research are a true a true representation of the school. INTERVIEWS All members of the school council are interviewed (one class at a time-two members per class-one male and one female providing all participants agree to participation). An interview of the person setting up the council was taken to find out what the aims for the council were. Also an interview of 3 staff members who are present at school council meetings was taken Pupils are approached during break time or lunch time, and are asked to answer if they agree or disagree with a series of statements. And depending on their answers, the questionnaire for further investigation is developed. The advantage of this method is that it yields good results and the researcher can be assured that he/she knows exactly what the pupils mean. Additionally the researcher can also notice the students reactions to the questions. The disadvantage however is that not so many results can be gathered by using only the interview method. For the interview to be successful, the children must have the freedom to describe their views; they must feel comfortable so that they answer accurately. (misconceptions in science education, retrieved on 28th April). OBSERVATION Observational techniques are a very important aspect of several research and case studies. In a way we all are already well versed in the art of observation. We all observe human behavior and tend to draw conclusions based on that. In research however its important to go beyond the subjective approach and eliminate bias. Also its important to be systematic and open about the procedures of the study, so that others can check the bases on which the conclusions have been reached. (ANDREW HANNAM,2006) Non-structured observations are used in this study because the aim is to measure staff influence in meetings and council agenda and this can be best measured only without the constraints of structured and semi-structured observation methods. PUPIL QUESTIONNAIRES A questionnaire provides a pool of questions that can be used to explore the barriers and supports for the pupils in school. It uses open and closed questions. It can use symbolic faces to rate their experiences or more conventional response options. It also helps explore a pupils feelings of the different events and happenings in the school. Therefore this method of data collection will help to find out a students problems. Even though the students complete the questionnaire by themselves, they still must be briefed initially about why they are being asked these questions; and who will have access to the information and how will it benefit in bringing about a desirable change. The questionnaire can be designed in an online format as pupils are more engaged with an online format and it also adds a feeling of anonymity. Whereas a black and white photocopy is completed as compliance without any personal thought or reflection. An important advantage of questionnaires is that the pupils responses are not influenced by an adult ( pupil questionnaire, retrieved on 28th April). This questionnaire that has been made for this study is anonymous with the option for pupils to write their name, especially if they wish to have a follow up conversation with an adult. QUESTIONAIRE 1. How many times did your school council meet during the current school year? 2. Does your school council meet the minimum membership requirements outlined by in the provincial regulation? Yes No 3. What efforts has your school council made to ensure that it has met the school council membership requirements? 4. What kinds of consultation and activities was your school council involved in during the current school year? (tick against the options you feel right) Consultation Activities Local school year calendar Fundraising School code of student conduct Workshops and/or seminars for parents Preparation of the school profile Extra ­curricular activities in the schools Input to the principal profile School community communication strategies School budget priorities Reporting to parents/guardians and the community Curriculum and program goals and priorities Local coordination of services for children andyouth Responses of the school/Board to achievement School ­based services and community partnerships, In provincial/Board assessment program such as social, health, recreational programs lunch/nutrition Development, implementation, and review of Community use of school facilities Board policies at the local level Others, please list below Others, please list below: 5. How does your school council seek input from parents and the school community? i- School council meetings ii- Sub ­committees iii- Casual Discussion iv- Parent e ­mail list v- Surveys 6- What were the top three priorities/goals for your school council for the current school year? a)Addressing School Transfer Procedures and winter line ­up problem. b) Investigate School Transfer Policy options. c) Establishing better communications (via more frequent Lisgar Links e ­newsletters and a new web site). 7. Were you successful in achieving these priorities/goals? Yes No 8. Why/why not? 9. How could we best communicate with school councils? 10. What are your school councils top three priorities for the coming year? 11. What are top three biggest challenges facing your school council for the coming year ? 12. Any additional comments or suggestions to improve our efforts to support school councils? 13. What should the focus of School Council be for the upcoming (year) school year? 14. We would like to increase involvement in the school and need new members of School Council. (OTTAWA CARELTON SURVEY)